According to court records, the 55-year-old actor submitted an application for annulment on Wednesday.
Cage and Koike, a makeup artist, filed for a marriage license on Saturday and received their marriage certificate the same day, court records show.
Cage has been married three times.
His first wife was actress Patricia Arquette, who he married in April 1995 and then divorced in 2001.
He married Lisa Marie Presley in August 2002 but filed for divorce in November of that year.
Wife 3 was Alice Kim, when they made it official in 2004.
They are parents to son Kal-El, who they welcomed in 2005.
After 12 years of marriage, in June 2016 they called it quits.
Cage also has a son, Weston, 28, from a previous relationship with actress Christina Fulton.